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Explain IT industry certifications.

This course is focused on the following two industry-standard certifications:

After completing this section, you will meet these objectives:

Identify education and certifications.

Information Technology (IT) is a term that encompasses the relationship between hardware, software, networks, and technical assistance provided to users.

This course covers the following topics:

A technician may continue to study and earn the following certifications:

Describe the EUCIP certification.

 The EUCIP IT Administrator program offers a recognized certification of competence in IT.

The EUCIP IT Administrator Certification consists of five modules, with a corresponding exam for each module. This course will prepare you for Modules 1 and 2.

The PC Hardware module requires that the candidate understand the basic makeup of a personal computer and the functions of the components.

The Operating Systems module requires that the candidate be familiar with the procedures for installing and updating most common operating systems and applications.

The Local Area Network and Network Services module requires that the candidate be familiar with the procedure of installing, using, and managing local area networks. The candidate should be able to add and remove users and shared resources. The candidate should know how to use system tools for troubleshooting and repairing networks.

This module is beyond the scope of the IT Essentials course, although some of the topics are covered. The Expert Network Use module requires that the candidate understand LAN communication.

This module is beyond the scope of the IT Essentials course, although some of the topics are covered. The IT Security module requires that the candidate be familiar with security methods and features that are available for a standalone or networked computer.

Describe cases   

A computer case contains the framework to support the internal components of a computer while providing an enclosure for added protection.

Computer cases are referred to in a number of ways:

There are many factors that must be considered when choosing a case:

Power Supply is a hardware device that serves to supply power directly to the chassis kekomponen requiring voltage.

Describe power supplies          

Power Supply is a hardware device that serves to supply power directly to the chassis kekomponen requiring voltage.

Connectors

Different connectors are used to connect specific components to various ports on the motherboard:

Electricity and Ohm's Law

These are the four basic units of electricity:

Voltage, current, power, and resistance are electronic terms that a computer technician must know:

Voltage is a measure of the force required to push electrons through a circuit.

Power is a measure of the pressure required to push electrons through a circuit, called voltage, multiplied by the number of electrons going through that circuit, called current.

Resistance is the opposition to the flow of current in a circuit. Resistance is measured in ohms.

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of motherboards 

The motherboard is the main printed circuit board and contains the buses, or electrical pathways, found in a computer.

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of CPUs           

The central processing unit (CPU) is considered the brain of the computer.

 There are two major CPU architectures related to instruction sets:

 The speed of a CPU is rated in cycles per second. The speed of current CPUs is measured in millions of cycles per second, called megahertz (MHz), or billions of cycles per second, called gigahertz (GHz).Current processors have a 32-bit or a 64-bit processor data bus.

Overclocking is a technique used to make a processor work at a faster speed than its original specification.

MMX is a set of multimedia instructions built into Intel processors.

The latest processor technology has resulted in CPU manufacturers finding ways to incorporate more than one CPU core onto a single chip. Figure 2 lists the most common multiple core processors. These CPUs are capable of processing multiple instructions concurrently:

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of ROM and RAM        

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located on the motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM.

Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when the computer is powered off.

Early computers had RAM installed on the motherboard as individual chips.

Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. DDR2 offers faster performance while using less energy. DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these DDR technologies are backward- or forward-compatible. See Figure 4 for a chart comparing different memory types and speeds.

Cache

SRAM is used as cache memory to store the most frequently used data. SRAM provides the processor with faster access to the data than retrieving it from the slower DRAM, or main memory.

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of adapter cards  

Adapter cards are used to expand and customize the capability of the computer:

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of storage drives        

Here are some common types of storage drives:

Floppy drive

Hard drive

Optical drive

Flash drive

Floppy Drive

A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch floppy disks.

Hard Drive

A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data.

Optical Drive

An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types of optical drives:

Compact Disc (CD)

Digital versatile Disc (DVD)

Blu-ray Disc (BD)

There are several types of optical media:

External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port.

Types of Drive Interfaces

Here are some common drive interfaces:

RAID provides a way to store data across multiple hard disks for redundancy. To the operating system, RAID appears as one logical disk. See Figure 2 for a comparison of the different RAID levels. The following terms describe how RAID stores data on the various disks:

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of ports and cables      

Input/output (I/O) ports on a computer connect peripheral devices, such as printers, scanners, and portable drives. The following ports and cables are commonly used:

Serial Ports and Cables

The serial cable used to connect an external modem to a computer.

USB Ports and Cables

The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a standard interface that connects peripheral devices to a computer.

FireWire Ports and Cables

FireWire is a high-speed, hot-swappable interface that connects peripheral devices to a computer.

Parallel Ports and Cables

A parallel port on a computer is a standard Type A DB-25 female connector.

SCSI Ports and Cables

A SCSI port can transmit parallel data at rates in excess of 320 MBps and can support up to 15 devices.

Network Ports and Cables

A network port, also known as an RJ-45 port, connects a computer to a network.

PS/2 Ports

A PS/2 port connects a keyboard or a mouse to a computer.

Audio Ports

An audio port connects audio devices to the computer.

Video Ports and Connectors

There are several video port and connector types:

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of input devices  

Here are some examples of input devices:

The mouse and keyboard are the two most commonly used input devices. The mouse is used to navigate the graphical user interface (GUI). The keyboard is used to enter text commands that control the computer.

A keyboard, video, mouse (KVM) switch is a hardware device that can be used to control more than one computer using a single keyboard, monitor, and mouse.

Digital cameras and digital video cameras, create images that can be stored on magnetic media. The image is stored as a file that can be displayed, printed, or altered.

Biometric identification makes use of features that are unique to an individual user, such as fingerprints, voice recognition, or a retinal scan.

A touch screen has a pressure-sensitive transparent panel. The computer receives instructions specific to the place on the screen that the user touches.

A scanner digitizes an image or document. The digitization of the image is stored as a file that can be displayed, printed, or altered.

Identify the names, purposes, and characteristics of output devices         

Here are some examples of output devices:

Monitors and projectors are primary output devices for a computer. There are different types of monitors, The most important difference between these monitor types is the technology used to create an image:

Pixels are the tiny dots that comprise a screen. Each pixel consists of red, green, and blue.

Dot pitch   Dot pitch is the distance between pixels on the screen. A lower dot pitch number produces a better image.

Contrast ratio   The contrast ratio is a measurement of the difference in intensity of light between the brightest point (white) and the darkest point (black).

Refresh rate   The refresh rate is how often per second the image is rebuilt.

Interlace/Non-Interlace   Interlaced monitors create the image by scanning the screen two times. The first scan covers the odd lines, top to bottom, and the second scan covers the even lines.

Horizontal Vertical Colors (HVC)   The number of pixels in a line is the horizontal resolution. The number of lines in a screen is the vertical resolution.

Aspect ratio   Aspect ratio is the horizontal to vertical measurement of the viewing area of a monitor.

Native resolution   Native resolution is the number of pixels that a monitor has.

pixels. Native mode is when the image sent to the monitor matches the native resolution of the monitor.

Here are some common monitor settings:

All-in-One Printer

Printers are output devices that create hard copies of computer files.

Speakers and Headphones

Speakers and headphones are output devices for audio signals.

Explain system resources and their purposes

There are three common system resources: